Urological surgery for prostate enlargement, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a common procedure aimed at alleviating symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate. This article will guide you through what to expect before, during, and after the surgery.

The prostate gland, which is located just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra, typically enlarges as men age. This enlargement can lead to issues such as frequent urination, difficulty starting or stopping urination, and a weak urinary stream. Surgical options become necessary when medication fails to provide relief.

Types of Urological Surgery for Prostate Enlargement

There are several surgical options available for treating prostate enlargement:

• Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): This is the most common surgical procedure for BPH. A resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to remove excess prostate tissue.
• Laser Surgery: Laser techniques, such as Holmium laser enucleation, use focused light to remove or destroy excess prostate tissue with minimal bleeding.
• Open Prostatectomy: In cases of very large prostates, traditional open surgery may be performed. This involves removing part or all of the prostate through an incision in the lower abdomen.
• Prostatic Urethral Lift: This minimally invasive procedure uses implants to hold the prostate tissue away from the urethra, improving urine flow.

Before the Surgery

Before undergoing urological surgery, patients typically have a thorough evaluation which may include:

• A physical examination and medical history review.
• Urinary tests to assess bladder function and rule out other conditions.
• Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, to determine prostate size.

Your doctor will discuss the procedure, potential risks, and expected outcomes. Make sure to follow all pre-operative instructions, which may include dietary restrictions or medication adjustments.

During the Surgery

The type of anesthesia used will depend on the surgical technique and your overall health. Most procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, meaning you may go home the same day:

• For TURP and laser surgery, expect a procedure lasting about 1-2 hours.
• An open prostatectomy may take longer, depending on the complexity of the case.

Recovery measures, including catheter placement, may be put in place to help drain urine post-surgery.

After the Surgery

Post-operative recovery will vary based on the type of surgery performed. Common experiences may include:

• Temporary discomfort and a burning sensation during urination.
• Increased urinary frequency and urgency as the bladder adjusts.
• Possibly blood in the urine for a few days, which is generally normal.

Patients are usually advised to avoid heavy lifting, vigorous exercise, and sexual activity for a few weeks post-surgery. Follow-up appointments with your urologist will help monitor recovery and manage any complications that may arise.

Long-term Outlook

Most men experience significant improvement in urinary symptoms following urological surgery for prostate enlargement. While some may retain minor symptoms, the overall quality of life typically improves, allowing for more normal urinary function.

It's essential to maintain regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider and adhere to any recommended lifestyle changes or medications post-surgery to ensure continued well-being.

If you are experiencing symptoms of prostate enlargement and are considering surgical options, consult with a qualified urologist who can provide a comprehensive evaluation and tailored treatment plan for your needs.